Attention biology nerds

?  I don't really get what you're asking.  Genetics are more complex than it simply being a case of "parent has mutation x, so offspring, all offspring from that point on, will have mutation x."  The mutation might get passed on, it might not.  It might be passed on to some offspring and not others.  Offspring aren't an exact copy of the parents' genetics, especially in species that reproduce sexually.  In that case, offspring have a combo of the parents' genetic material, where the combos happen in complex ways.  On top of that, there will be "mistakes" as well, or new mutations.

I forgot in the earlier post to address this by the way:

"there is a cause and effect relationship between the presence of challenges and adaptions"

There isn't a cause and effect relationship (not between the environmental challenge and the mutation).  That's not how it works.  And again, the species might simply die out.  That happens all the time.  There have been tons of extinctions of species.   Per some estimates, 24 species currently go extinct per day.  That's believed to be a much higher rate than historical rates, but even if it were 24 per year, or 24 per ten years or whatever, that's still a lot. 

So species do not evolve just because they're presented with challenges that will affect their ability to produce offspring.  The species that experience mutations that enable them to survive in the face of challenges are akin to species that hit the lottery.  And like the lottery, it's random (that is, epistemically random; it's not ontologically random)