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Post by cupcakes on Dec 19, 2017 11:56:01 GMT
Neuroscience cannot straightforwardly accommodate a concept of “conscious free will”, independent of brain activity [42]. However, the belief that humans have free will is fundamental to human society [43]. This belief has profound top-down effects on cognition [44] and even on brain activity itself [45]. The dualistic view that decisions to inhibit reflect a special “conscious veto” or “free won’t” mechanism [46] is scientifically unwarranted. Instead, conscious decisions to check and delay our actions may themselves be consequences of specific brain mechanisms linked to action preparation and action monitoring [19]. Recent neuroscientific studies have strongly questioned the concept of free will, but have had difficulty addressing the alternative concept of free won’t, largely because of the absence of behavioural markers of inhibition. Our results suggest that an important aspect of “free” decisions to inhibit can be explained without recourse to an endogenous, ”uncaused” process: the cause of our “free decisions” may at least in part, be simply the background stochastic fluctuations of cortical excitability. Our results suggest that free won’t may be no more free than free will." To your edit: "suggest", "may", etc. We'll see how this sorts out and is analyzed by members int the relevant fields. Not at all, because it's better for me to suffer than for a greater number of people to suffer.
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Post by Eva Yojimbo on Dec 19, 2017 11:58:33 GMT
I agree and I've argued with him at length about that. Just so you are aware, cupcakes has never been arguing for strictly deterministic compatibilist free will. He has taken issue with any claims that have been made that our decisions are the product of deterministic processes, and says that the conclusion drawn from the Libet experiments are incorrect. He's trying to save face. I have never denied the existence of 'compatibilist free will', because that concept is reshaping the definition of 'free will' and then applying it to something which is known to exist. Therefore, it has absolutely nothing to do with evidence for or against the proposition. I've been very careful, on countless occasions to be sure that he wasn't just arguing for compatibilist free will, and he has roundly rejected compatibilism on many occasions, whilst remaining vague on what he personally actually means by 'free will'. I hope that you don't think that I'm so dense as to be misconstruing what someone is referring to after 2 years of discussion of the same topic. Cupcakes is conscious that he would look like an idiot if you actually realised what he means when he defends free will, and he wants to avoid that ignominy. I wasn't referring to what cupcakes was arguing, only that you and I disagreed over the idea that libertarian free will is the only version worth considering. I doubt very seriously if he gives two hoots what I would think of his views on free will.
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Post by Deleted on Dec 19, 2017 12:02:12 GMT
Just so you are aware, cupcakes has never been arguing for strictly deterministic compatibilist free will. He has taken issue with any claims that have been made that our decisions are the product of deterministic processes, and says that the conclusion drawn from the Libet experiments are incorrect. He's trying to save face. I have never denied the existence of 'compatibilist free will', because that concept is reshaping the definition of 'free will' and then applying it to something which is known to exist. Therefore, it has absolutely nothing to do with evidence for or against the proposition. I've been very careful, on countless occasions to be sure that he wasn't just arguing for compatibilist free will, and he has roundly rejected compatibilism on many occasions, whilst remaining vague on what he personally actually means by 'free will'. I hope that you don't think that I'm so dense as to be misconstruing what someone is referring to after 2 years of discussion of the same topic. Cupcakes is conscious that he would look like an idiot if you actually realised what he means when he defends free will, and he wants to avoid that ignominy. I wasn't referring to what cupcakes was arguing, only that you and I disagreed over the idea that libertarian free will is the only version worth considering. I doubt very seriously if he gives two hoots what I would think of his views on free will. Alright. If you have the time or inclination, Jerry Coyne deals with the reasons we should reject compatibilism here, which I've linked to the relevant part of the video:
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Post by Eva Yojimbo on Dec 19, 2017 12:04:41 GMT
I wasn't referring to what cupcakes was arguing, only that you and I disagreed over the idea that libertarian free will is the only version worth considering. I doubt very seriously if he gives two hoots what I would think of his views on free will. Alright. If you have the time or inclination, Jerry Coyne deals with the reasons we should reject compatibilism here, which I've linked to the relevant part of the video: Will try to watch tomorrow; too close to my bedtime now.
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Post by Toasted Cheese on Dec 19, 2017 12:19:50 GMT
when I see other people of my age with kids. I also feel frustration and anger. I don't know how to exactly deal with this. As a self-professed anti-natalist for the most part, I say good on you for not feeding the suffering of the earth. Perhaps you have another journey ahead of you, one that doesn't involve children, born to idiot breeders.
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Post by Toasted Cheese on Dec 19, 2017 12:20:32 GMT
Catman is glad to have only cats. You must be very happy Catman, being surrounded by all that pussy.
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Post by Toasted Cheese on Dec 19, 2017 12:32:26 GMT
www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/parenting/88842957/The-parent-trap-Why-child-free-people-are-happierMoreover, you should be proud of the fact that you haven't imposed a risky, unneeded and unasked for existence on someone, and aren't going to further contribute towards the degradation of the ecosystem. I suppose it's difficult to overcome the emotional desire for children, but try to realise intellectually that your yearning is just your genetic programming trying to trick you. I work with people who are anxious and depressed, when I see people in mid life who have no significant other and no children it's a horrible indicator. Some of the most selfish and anxious people are the ones who have convinced themselves that they never need to have children or a family to be happy.. Maybe your genetic programming isn't trying to 'trick you', maybe you have intelligence and history within your genetics and ignoring that will have dire consequences. Also, if you're going to present a balanced viewpoint do a quick internet search on the benefits of having children.. I got so much stuff I'm not going to bother linking any. I'm not saying everyone needs to have kids to be happy, but most people who discount the benefits of having kids either have not done any research or are trying to make their unlovable selves feel better. 'I'm never going to have kids because I'm messed up' is much easier than 'I'm going to face my problems and improve myself because it's not all about me'. A horrible indicator of what though? Most of these anxious and depressed people would likely be unhappy, with or without children. Many people have children to appease their own self-gratification and notion of the physical being, being all that life or consciousness has on offer. It's fueled by ego, keeps the current status quo afloat and perpetuates the suffering on the planet. It will ultimately destroy the ecosystem and environment, like mic has already mentioned. Doing search links is not going to prove much at all, when all that need be applied is common sense. Something most humans tend to lack due to ignorance of their true and genuine state of being. Earth is a sanctuary and needs to be treated as such, not destroyed by humans who do not really belong here in the plague proportions they are. Humans have become nothing but a festering sore in this realm of mistakes and suffering.
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Post by cupcakes on Dec 19, 2017 12:49:23 GMT
tpfkar Wow, a youtube video from guys adamant there's no free will! Almost like there aren't masses also in the field who have different interpretations/conclusions. How about you have the "intellectual honesty" to note the evidence they present and what you think the implications are. I'll have the "intellectual honesty" to let you know I'm not going to grind through youtubes based on your ideas of "overwhelming". Neuroscience and Free Will Are Rethinking Their DivorceThe article goes through all the evidence against free will (including the first of the articles that I posted), and explains why some philosophers are so vigorously trying to promote "compatibilist free will" - i.e. the fear of the consequences of people losing their beliefs in free will. There aren't "masses also in the field who have different interpretations/conclusions" except for the fact that some advance compatibilist free will as an alternative. If you can find one video from a reputable philosopher or scientist to counter this, I'll watch it, providing that you watch mine first (at least half way through) and give your reactions. I got to "make any decision that isn't constrained by the laws of physics". Not sure who he is trying to convince other than Great Objective Morals and other religious types.  That just doesn't yield we're not deciding and doing. Here's one for you to diddle with: Not at all, because it's better for me to suffer than for a greater number of people to suffer.
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Post by lordquesterjones on Dec 19, 2017 13:10:04 GMT
when I see other people of my age with kids. I also feel frustration and anger. I don't know how to exactly deal with this. What obstacles keep you from a child? Not having a vagina, and the Police!
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Post by Lugh on Dec 19, 2017 13:10:06 GMT
"All the ins and outs aren't known" is nothing but a cop-out. When we make a decision there is literally no other brain activity bar the one needed for general functioning and making the decision itself. If consciousness was a seperate thing all together we would be all be to point to a place in the brain and say "that is consciousness" I never even said I believed in free will. I don't take a position regarding compatibilism vs incompatiblism because it's just a semantics debate disguised as a metaphysical one. If I had to pick a side though I would say no free will doesn't exist. Even if you are right how woukd that disprove free will? You acknowledged that the brain is us so it's not as if it's not us making the decision. I'm not a neuroscientist, and nor do I claim to be. But one would have difficulty in finding a qualified neuroscientist who does believe in libertarian free will. And you're on point when you say that compatibilism vs incompatibilism is a semantics debate. Free will implies that consciousness steers decision making, but in order for that to happen, consciousness must precede the decision. It can't precede the decision, because both the decision and the consciousness which gives us awareness of the decision are created in the brain. So the brain must first make the decision, then create awareness of what has been decided. 1.If you are not a neuroscientist then why are you are so sure consciousness is seperate. 2.The fact that you will not find any neuroscienist saying "We found concsiousness" speaks for itself. There's no free will defender or definition of free will that implies conscious awareness.
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Post by Deleted on Dec 19, 2017 18:51:34 GMT
All free will debates seem to come down to a poorly defined self.
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Post by drystyx on Dec 19, 2017 19:17:08 GMT
People have kids for evil reasons, and for excuses to do evil. The worst atrocities and most unprovoked evils are committed by family men. Concentration camps, war atrocities, all of them. They speak like they have honorable goals, but they seek only "justification" for their "rationalization". It's much of the reason the wrong men are let out of prison too easy.
So, it boils down to more of the hatefulness of this "world". Danged if you do, danged if you don't. No one wins. Depressing if you value this world. Not depressing if you don't value this inferior system brought about by inferior minded devils with no inspiration and no strategy. I wouldn't want to bring a child into this world.
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Post by Deleted on Dec 19, 2017 19:48:04 GMT
tpfkar And why did you repeatedly say philosophers that argue there is free will are scamming people if philosophers don't hold that free will exists? For a good intro read on the compatibilist concept of free will @miccee is referencing, see here. I think the objection most will have with that is that consciousness/mind/intentionality 'appear' ontologically real rather than being a long-standing place holder due to epistemic ignorance. So it's a matter of appearance vs reality which is the long standing mind-body problem, zombie issue, freedom of the will et al.
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Post by Eva Yojimbo on Dec 20, 2017 1:08:06 GMT
For a good intro read on the compatibilist concept of free will @miccee is referencing, see here. I think the objection most will have with that is that consciousness/mind/intentionality 'appear' ontologically real rather than being a long-standing place holder due to epistemic ignorance. So it's a matter of appearance vs reality which is the long standing mind-body problem, zombie issue, freedom of the will et al. I always have the same response to such things: how can you tell the difference between ontological reality and epistemic ignorance? They generally feel the same. When we flip a coin, it feels as if the odds of it landing on heads is ontologically 50/50, yet we know because of General Relativity the odds are 100/0 and the 50/50 is only expressing our epistemic limitations. Who's to say that our perception of "free" will isn't the same? BTW, I'm not even saying it is, I'm just saying I don't know how one proposes we tell the difference beyond trusting whatever the physics seem to suggest.
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Post by Deleted on Dec 20, 2017 2:00:17 GMT
tpfkar The article goes through all the evidence against free will (including the first of the articles that I posted), and explains why some philosophers are so vigorously trying to promote "compatibilist free will" - i.e. the fear of the consequences of people losing their beliefs in free will. There aren't "masses also in the field who have different interpretations/conclusions" except for the fact that some advance compatibilist free will as an alternative. If you can find one video from a reputable philosopher or scientist to counter this, I'll watch it, providing that you watch mine first (at least half way through) and give your reactions. I got to "make any decision that isn't constrained by the laws of physics". Not sure who he is trying to convince other than Great Objective Morals and other religious types.  That just doesn't yield we're not deciding and doing. Here's one for you to diddle with: Not at all, because it's better for me to suffer than for a greater number of people to suffer. How far was it that you got into my video (in minutes), and I'll watch up to the same point in that video?
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Post by Eva Yojimbo on Dec 20, 2017 4:37:32 GMT
I wasn't referring to what cupcakes was arguing, only that you and I disagreed over the idea that libertarian free will is the only version worth considering. I doubt very seriously if he gives two hoots what I would think of his views on free will. Alright. If you have the time or inclination, Jerry Coyne deals with the reasons we should reject compatibilism here, which I've linked to the relevant part of the video: OK, I watched the video. There's a whole lot I disagree with. First, I want to go all the way back as to why the concept of free will exists at all: we make choices and perceive other possible choices. Free will can either be descriptive, as in something that only refers to this act/perception (perhaps only under certain circumstances), or it can be theoretical, as in the thing that allows us to make the choices. Just because the latter became dominant due to the influence of theology doesn't invalidate the former, nor do I think the latter is always what's meant by free will either from the average person nor from the countless people who've discussed it. To get to his points, the kind of free will cared about in courts has nothing to do with physical determination and everything to do with whether a healthy brain made a choice without another brain exerting coercion. It doesn't matter that there's no material difference between drinking milk when thirsty and giving money at gunpoint because materiality isn't what we're concerned with in that case. We're concerned with the morality of (to put it in material terms) one brain forcing a choice upon another with the consequence of one being death, which is something nobody wants to face, and in which circumstances most everyone would choose the same thing. If you aren't advocating that we punish someone who acted under threat of death, then clearly you perceive some difference between the two. In the second version he's basically just saying we shouldn't use free will in its descriptive version. He asks what's "free" about it and I'd say "the same that's "free" about people living with the right to free speech." Should we eliminate the concept of free speech because what we say is as physically determined as what we do? I agree with his objection to #3. #4 is basically a reiteration of 1 and 2 in different forms, so I don't think I have anything new to say here. He's right that the compatibilism/incompatibilism debate is semantic, but I think an important thing to realize is that free will is hardly the only term we use that describes things we experience on a macro level that has no material existence beyond that. That applies as much to baseball and temperature (to steal from Sean Carroll) as it does to free will. It even applies to math and, yes, free speech. We don't live our lives on the level of fundamental particles, and no matter how much we are made and determined by them we still need language that refers to our experiences as much, if not more, than language that refers to fundamental matter. Under yours and Coyne's view, you might as well eliminate the word "free" from the language as there is no such thing. I'm no more free than someone in prison, eg. Finally, we've been over how stupid I find the notion that compatibilism was invented to prevent people from freaking out about determinism and there being no libertarian free will. Abstruse philosophy arguments don't freak people out because most don't care. Whether Dennett et al. are concerned about that is irrelevant because it's a silly concern. Just like most of us were fine/got over evolution, the same is/would be true of free will. Besides, compatibilism has been around in some form for centuries; it wasn't exactly invented in light of modern physics. As to the compatibilism/Theology comparison, it's mostly just stupid. For a quick rundown: 1. Old terms get redefined regularly in common language. This is a common feature all languages share and is unique to neither compatibilism nor Theology. Further, neither God nor free will have ever been clearly defined to begin with, which is one reason there's so much disagreement about both. 2. Yeah, definitions can change when facts change and certain definitions are proved untrue. This is only a problem when we're claiming what was disproved still physically exists as with God. Redefining free will is closer to the redefinition of planet. 3. Been over the silliness of that, but also not unique to compatibilism/Theology as it's arguably a bigger factor in politics. 4. I don't think compatibilism necessarily sets humans aside as special. 5. First, no way is there more versions of compatibilism as there are for God. Second, so what? There are tons of versions of plenty of concepts like "good" and "bad." 6. Compatibilism doesn't dismiss science. Saying science is useless for determining how we define terms isn't dismissing science. If compatibilism was dismissing science it would be libertarianism.
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Post by Deleted on Dec 20, 2017 6:48:21 GMT
I think the objection most will have with that is that consciousness/mind/intentionality 'appear' ontologically real rather than being a long-standing place holder due to epistemic ignorance. So it's a matter of appearance vs reality which is the long standing mind-body problem, zombie issue, freedom of the will et al. I always have the same response to such things: how can you tell the difference between ontological reality and epistemic ignorance? They generally feel the same. When we flip a coin, it feels as if the odds of it landing on heads is ontologically 50/50, yet we know because of General Relativity the odds are 100/0 and the 50/50 is only expressing our epistemic limitations. Who's to say that our perception of "free" will isn't the same? BTW, I'm not even saying it is, I'm just saying I don't know how one proposes we tell the difference beyond trusting whatever the physics seem to suggest. I had a longer post typed, but I think with the coin flip example you might be alluding to a specific breed of libertarian literature. Our perception of a coin flip being random vs the actual physics being akin to our perception of an act being made by an undetermined brain vs deterministic brain mechanisms. An example of libertarianism phrased by Dennett is here: The model of decision making I am proposing, has the following feature: when we are faced with an important decision, a consideration-generator whose output is to some degree undetermined produces a series of considerations, some of which may of course be immediately rejected as irrelevant by the agent (consciously or unconsciously). Those considerations that are selected by the agent as having a more than negligible bearing on the decision then figure in a reasoning process, and if the agent is in the main reasonable, those considerations ultimately serve as predictors and explicators of the agent's final decision." -Dennett^Is this your understanding of what libertarian arguments are generally saying and that they are at odds with physics?
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Post by Eva Yojimbo on Dec 20, 2017 7:48:20 GMT
I always have the same response to such things: how can you tell the difference between ontological reality and epistemic ignorance? They generally feel the same. When we flip a coin, it feels as if the odds of it landing on heads is ontologically 50/50, yet we know because of General Relativity the odds are 100/0 and the 50/50 is only expressing our epistemic limitations. Who's to say that our perception of "free" will isn't the same? BTW, I'm not even saying it is, I'm just saying I don't know how one proposes we tell the difference beyond trusting whatever the physics seem to suggest. I had a longer post typed, but I think with the coin flip example you might be alluding to a specific breed of libertarian literature. Our perception of a coin flip being random vs the actual physics being akin to our perception of an act being made by an undetermined brain vs deterministic brain mechanisms. An example of libertarianism phrased by Dennett is here: The model of decision making I am proposing, has the following feature: when we are faced with an important decision, a consideration-generator whose output is to some degree undetermined produces a series of considerations, some of which may of course be immediately rejected as irrelevant by the agent (consciously or unconsciously). Those considerations that are selected by the agent as having a more than negligible bearing on the decision then figure in a reasoning process, and if the agent is in the main reasonable, those considerations ultimately serve as predictors and explicators of the agent's final decision." -Dennett^Is this your understanding of what libertarian arguments are generally saying and that they are at odds with physics? Yes, though I think the only part unique to libertarianism is the "whose output is to some degree undetermined" part, and that's what would conflict with physics; the rest seems to be a general description of decision making that isn't in conflict with physics.
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Post by Deleted on Dec 20, 2017 10:10:44 GMT
Alright. If you have the time or inclination, Jerry Coyne deals with the reasons we should reject compatibilism here, which I've linked to the relevant part of the video: OK, I watched the video. There's a whole lot I disagree with. First, I want to go all the way back as to why the concept of free will exists at all: we make choices and perceive other possible choices. Free will can either be descriptive, as in something that only refers to this act/perception (perhaps only under certain circumstances), or it can be theoretical, as in the thing that allows us to make the choices. Just because the latter became dominant due to the influence of theology doesn't invalidate the former, nor do I think the latter is always what's meant by free will either from the average person nor from the countless people who've discussed it. To get to his points, the kind of free will cared about in courts has nothing to do with physical determination and everything to do with whether a healthy brain made a choice without another brain exerting coercion. It doesn't matter that there's no material difference between drinking milk when thirsty and giving money at gunpoint because materiality isn't what we're concerned with in that case. We're concerned with the morality of (to put it in material terms) one brain forcing a choice upon another with the consequence of one being death, which is something nobody wants to face, and in which circumstances most everyone would choose the same thing. If you aren't advocating that we punish someone who acted under threat of death, then clearly you perceive some difference between the two. In the second version he's basically just saying we shouldn't use free will in its descriptive version. He asks what's "free" about it and I'd say "the same that's "free" about people living with the right to free speech." Should we eliminate the concept of free speech because what we say is as physically determined as what we do? I agree with his objection to #3. #4 is basically a reiteration of 1 and 2 in different forms, so I don't think I have anything new to say here. He's right that the compatibilism/incompatibilism debate is semantic, but I think an important thing to realize is that free will is hardly the only term we use that describes things we experience on a macro level that has no material existence beyond that. That applies as much to baseball and temperature (to steal from Sean Carroll) as it does to free will. It even applies to math and, yes, free speech. We don't live our lives on the level of fundamental particles, and no matter how much we are made and determined by them we still need language that refers to our experiences as much, if not more, than language that refers to fundamental matter. Under yours and Coyne's view, you might as well eliminate the word "free" from the language as there is no such thing. I'm no more free than someone in prison, eg. Finally, we've been over how stupid I find the notion that compatibilism was invented to prevent people from freaking out about determinism and there being no libertarian free will. Abstruse philosophy arguments don't freak people out because most don't care. Whether Dennett et al. are concerned about that is irrelevant because it's a silly concern. Just like most of us were fine/got over evolution, the same is/would be true of free will. Besides, compatibilism has been around in some form for centuries; it wasn't exactly invented in light of modern physics. As to the compatibilism/Theology comparison, it's mostly just stupid. For a quick rundown: 1. Old terms get redefined regularly in common language. This is a common feature all languages share and is unique to neither compatibilism nor Theology. Further, neither God nor free will have ever been clearly defined to begin with, which is one reason there's so much disagreement about both. 2. Yeah, definitions can change when facts change and certain definitions are proved untrue. This is only a problem when we're claiming what was disproved still physically exists as with God. Redefining free will is closer to the redefinition of planet. 3. Been over the silliness of that, but also not unique to compatibilism/Theology as it's arguably a bigger factor in politics. 4. I don't think compatibilism necessarily sets humans aside as special. 5. First, no way is there more versions of compatibilism as there are for God. Second, so what? There are tons of versions of plenty of concepts like "good" and "bad." 6. Compatibilism doesn't dismiss science. Saying science is useless for determining how we define terms isn't dismissing science. If compatibilism was dismissing science it would be libertarianism. Thanks for watching the video and posting your reactions, which are thought provoking and I understand where you're coming from. I have to take issue with your analogy with 'free speech', because the 'free' in free speech doesn't relate to a capability (as in the capability to override the forces of determinism using willpower) it relates to restrictions placed on us by law. Free speech doesn't mean that you will say things that don't reflect your true beliefs; but free will suggests that you will do things which don't reflect the causal chain that have led you up to the point of making the decision. So I feel that the 'right to choose', or even 'freedom to choose', rather than 'free will' would be analogous to 'free speech'. Free will is making a comment on the character of the will which is being used to make a decision. But if we removed the term 'free' and it just became 'will', then none of the meaning would be lost. So someone who is doing something under threat of violence would not be exercising their own 'will', they'd be enacting the will of the person who was holding them hostage. There's simply no need for the adjective 'free'. It's redundant. If we don't have a way of overriding our deterministic programming, then there are no different gradations of freedom for the will unlike the different gradations which exist in relation to governmental control on speech. There are merely myriad different scenarios in which we are forced to act in a certain way. I would say that in Christian society, free will has a very clear meaning (even if the process cannot be clearly defined due to its incoherent nature), because 'compatibilist free will' would not allow someone the free choice of whether or not to sin, or to accept Christ as saviour. There was a study linked in the early part of the video which corroborated the fact that libertarian free will is the most commonly held conception of 'free will'. Linked below: people.duke.edu/~fd13/Sarkissian_et_al_2010_MindLang.pdfIt is this definition of free will which underpins the cruelty and lack of compassion shown towards the poor, as well as those who have different sexual preferences, or have a different gender identity than the sex they were born into, etc. So I think that it is very important that a clear and unified message be sent to emphatically debunk free will, and whilst I think that compatibilist philosophers have good intentions, I think that in terms of the bigger picture they are creating more harm. I realise that you think that I'm peddling a conspiracy theory here, but philosophers such as Dennett have betrayed their motives for wanting compatibilism established as the most accepted definition of free will by the intelligensia. What they seem to be aiming for is a kind of trickle down effect, whereby the people who have bothered to acquaint themselves with the philosophical arguments (like yourself) know what is meant by 'free will'; but the only message that trickles down to the layperson is that free will exists, or at least that it isn't a matter of settled science in the way that evolution is. So to give you an analogy, someone who is a 'compatibilist' would be a bit like the parent who reassures their child in earnest that Santa is 'real' (only what you actually mean by 'real' is that Santa exists in mythology as a cultural icon). And I would say that compatibilism ignores science not in the sense that it espouses any unscientific beliefs, but in the sense that it is a distraction from science. I think that it's used as a distraction for people who aren't well informed enough to realise that the free will proponents aren't, in fact, disputing the neuroscientific findings. In short, it's trickery of those who aren't likely to be inclined to personally research the issue. I believe that this is likely what Jerry Coyne meant.
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Post by cupcakes on Dec 20, 2017 12:02:43 GMT
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